Managing the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s

There is no universal first line treatment for the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Treatment must be individualised by taking into account a person’s symptoms, comorbidities and the adverse effects associated with different drugs.1

Levodopa remains the most effective treatment for the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, but long-term use is associated with levodopa-associated motor complications; dyskinesia (involuntary movements) and wearing off (‘off-time’ or