PPI use is associated with a 24% increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, according to a study drawing on data from three large cohorts.

Researchers analysed prospective data from the all-female US Nurses’ Health cohort (studies I and II), which had a median follow-up of 12 years, and the all-male US Health Professionals Follow-up Study, with a median follow-up of nearly 10 years.

About 176,000 nurses and 28,600 male health workers completed health surveys every two years, with those who had type 2 diabetes at baseline being excluded, the researchers said.

More than 10,000 participants were diagnosed with diabetes during follow-up, including 0.7% of those who had reported taking PPIs at least twice weekly compared with 0.4% of those who did not.