Practical approaches to eye pain

Eye pain accounts for one in 10 general practice consultations worldwide.5 Patients may present with ophthalmic features and symptoms that often involve the visual system.
Up to 75% of people with migraines complain of photophobia, while dry eyes account for up to 50% of ocular pain.4
A clinician needs to distinguish if signs and symptoms arise directly from the eye or are manifestations of a systemic disease.
This article aims to provide a guide to red flags and points to consider when diagnosing local eye pain as well as neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations of headaches.